Current Titles:
Professor of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine
Chief of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Primary Children's Medical Center
Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah Health Care
Surgical Director Cardiac Transplantation,
Primary Children's Medical Center
Clinical Interests:
Congenital Heart Surgery
Heart Transplantation
Research Interests:
Long term outcomes of surgery for congenital heart defects
Immunology of cryopreserved valves
Society Memberships:
Society of Thoracic Surgeons
American Heart Association - Council on Cardiovascular Surgery/Cardiovascular Disease in the Young
International Society for Heart Transplantation
Western Thoracic Surgery Society
American Academy of Pediatrics - Section Congenital Cardiac Surgery
American Association Thoracic Surgery
Congenital Heart Surgeon’s Society
Pertinent Publications:
1. Hawkins JA, Mathewson HS. Emergency control of convulsions. Am Assoc Nurse Anes Jour 1979; 47:182-186.
2. Hawkins JA, Khoury GH, Battiste CE, Byrne JP. Tetralogy of Fallot: Cases with absent pulmonary valve. Jour Kan Med Soc 1980; 81: 400-405.
3. Byrne JP, Hawkins JA, Battiste CE, Khoury GH. Palliative procedures in tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve: A new approach. Ann Thorac Surg 1982; 33: 499-502.
4. Hawkins JA, Nelson EW. Percutaneous placement of Hickman catheters for prolonged venous access. Am Jour Surg 1982; 144: 624-626.
5. Hawkins JA, Clark EB, Doty DB. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Ann Thorac Surg 1983; 36: 548-560.
6. Doty DB, Hawkins JA: A turnover operation for pectus excavatum at the time of correction of intracardiac defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 787-790.
7. Hawkins JA, Hu N, Clark EB. Effect of caffeine on cardiovascular function in the stage 24 chick embryo. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1984; 7: 334-343.
8. Hawkins JA, Doty DB. Aortic atresia: Morphologic characteristics affecting survival and operative intervention. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 88: 620-626.
9. Hawkins JA, Doty DB, Ehrenhaft JL. Repair of pectus excavatum by sternal eversion. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38: 368-373.
10. Hawkins JA, Mower, WR, Nelson EW. Acute abdominal conditions in patients with leukemia. Am Jour Surg 1985; 150:739-742.
11. Hawkins JA, Clark EB, Doty DB. Morphologic characteristics of aortic atresia: Implications for fetal hemodynamics. Int Jour Cardiol 1986; 10: 127-132.
12. Mower WR, Hawkins JA, Nelson EW. Neutropenic enterocolitis in adults with acute leukemia. Arch Surg 1986; 121: 571-574.
13. Mower WR, Hawkins JA, Nelson EW. Post splenectomy infection in chronic leukemia. Am Jour Surg 1986; 152:583-586.
14. Hawkins JA, Van Hare GF, Schmidt KG, Rudolph AM. The effects of increasing afterload on left ventricular output in the fetal lamb. Circulation Res 1989; 65:127-134.
15. Schmidt KG, Silverman NH, Van Hare GF, Hawkins JA, Cloez JL, Rudolph AM. Two-dimensional echocardiographic determination of ventricular volumes in the fetal heart. Validation studies in fetal lambs. Circulation 1990; 81:325-333.
16. Van Hare GF, Hawkins JA, Schmidt KG, Rudolph AM. The effects of increasing mean arterial pressure on left ventricular output in newborn lambs. Circulation Res 1990; 67:78-83.
17. Hawkins JA, Thorne JK, Boucek MM, Orsmond GS, Ruttenberg HD, Veasy LG, McGough EC. Early and late results in pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 100:492-7.
18. Hawkins JA, Paape KL, Adkins TP, Shaddy RE, Gay WA Jr. Extracorporeal circulation in the fetal lamb: Effects of hypothermia and perfusion rate.J Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 32:295-300.
19. Hawkins JA,, Bailey WW, Clark SM. Innominate artery compression of the trachea: Treatment by reimplantation of the innominate artery .J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 103:678-682.
20. Hawkins JA, Bailey WW, Dillon T, Schwartz DC. Mid term results with cryopreserved allograft valved conduits from the right ventricle to pulmonary arteries.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992 ; 104:910-6.
21. Karwande SV, Renlund DG, Olsen SL, Gay WA, Richenbacher WE, Hawkins JA, Millar RC, Marks JD. Mediastinitis in heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 54: 1039-1045.
22. McGough EC, McGough S, Hawkins JA. Subclavian artery cannulation for infant ECMO. Ann Thor Surg 1993; 55:787-8.
23. Shaddy RE, Bullock EA, Morwessel NJ, Hannon DW, Renlund DG, Karwande SV, McGough EC, Hawkins JA. OKT3 prophylaxis in pediatric patients after heart transplantation. J Heart LungTransplant 1993; 12:434-9.
24. Hawkins JA, Shaddy RE, Day RW, Sturtevant JE, Orsmond GS, McGough EC. Mid-term results following bidirectional cavopulmonary shunts. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56:833-7.
25. Day RW, Orsmond GS, Sturtevant JE, Hawkins JA, Doty DB, McGough EC. Early and intermediate results of the Fontan procedure at moderately high altitude. Ann Thorac Surg, 1994; 57:170-6.
26. Hawkins JA, Clark SM, Shaddy RE, Gay WA. Fetal cardiac bypass: Improved placental function with moderately high flow rates. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;57:293-7.
27. Shaddy RE, Bullock EA, Tani LY, Orsmond GS, Olsen SL, Taylor DO, McGough EC, Hawkins JA, Renlund DG. Methotrexate therapy in pediatric heart transplantation as treatment of recurrent mild to moderate acute cellular rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13:1009-13.
28. Stahl RD, Karwande SV, Olsen SL, Taylor DO, Hawkins JA, Renlund DG. Tricuspid valve dysfunction in the transplanted heart. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:477-80.
29. Minich LL, Tani LY, Hawkins JA, McGough EC, Shaddy RE. Use of echocardiography for detecting aortic valve leaflet avulsion and predicting repair potential after balloon valvuloplasty. Am Jour Cardiol 1995; 75:533-5.
30. Minich LL, Tani LY, Hawkins JA, Sturtevant JE, McGough EC. Abnormal Doppler pulmonary venous flow patterns in children after repaired total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Am Jour Cardiol 1995; 75:606-610.
31. Bull DA, Stahl RD, McMahon DL, Jones KW, Hawkins JA Renlund DG, Taylor DO, Karwande SV. The high risk cardiac donor: potential pitfalls. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14: 424-8.
32. Minich LL, Hawkins JA, Tani LY, Judd VE, McGough EC. Inverted left atrial appendage presenting as an unusual mass. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995; 8:328-30.
33. Day RW, Tani LY, Minich LL, Shaddy RE, Orsmond GS, Hawkins JA, McGough EC; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: Doppler flow velocity in the descending aorta is altered by changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14:718-25.
34. Hawkins JA, Minich LL, Tani LY, Ruttenberg HD, Sturtevant JE, McGough EC. Absorbable polydioxanone suture and results in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60:55-9.
35. Hawkins JA. Invited Commentary. Primary bi-directional superior cavopulmonary shunts in infants between 1 and 4 months of age. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:1125-6.
36. Bull DA, Karwande SV, Hawkins JA, Taylor DO, Renlund DG, Jones KW. Long term results of cardiac transplantation in patients over 60 years of age. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg; 1996; 111:423-8.
37. Hawkins JA, Minich LL, Shaddy RE, Tani LY, Orsmond GS, Sturtevant JE, McGough EC. Aortic valve repair and replacement after balloon aortic vavluloplasty in children. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 61:1355-8.
38. Shaddy RE, Hunter DD, Osborn KA, Lambert LM, Minich LL, Hawkins JA, McGough EC, Fuller TC. Prospective analysis of HLA immunogenicity of cryopreserved valved allografts used in pediatric heart surgery. Circulation 1996; 94:1063-1067.
39. Hawkins JA, Minich LL, Tani LY, Sturtevant JE, Orsmond GS, McGough EC. Cost and efficacy of surgical ligation versus transcatheter coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 112:1634-9.
40. Day RW, Baker CM, Caton JR, Hawkins JA, McGough EC. Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt with an additional source of pulmonanary flow: an interim or final stage of palliation. Cardiology in the Young 1997; 7:63-70.
41. Minich LL, Tani LY, Hawkins JA, Shaddy RE. Possibilty of postnatal left ventricular growth in selected infants with non-apex forming left ventricles. Am Heart J 1997;133:570-4.
42. Sable CA, Shaddy RE, Suddaby EC, Hawkins JA, Sell JE, Martin GR. Impact of prolonged waiting times on neonatal heart transplantation. J Perinatology 1997 17; 481-8.
43. Minich LL, Tani LY, McGough EC, Shaddy RE, Hawkins JA. A novel approach to pediatric intraaortic balloon pump timing using M-mode echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:367-369.
44. Shaddy RE, Hunter DD, Osborn KA, Hawkins JA, Fuller TC. Persistence of anti-HLA antibodies beyond one year in children receiving cryopreserved valved allografts at surgery. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:358-359.
45. Hawkins JA, Minich LL, Tani LY, Day RW, Judd VE, Shaddy RE, McGough EC. Long-term results and reintervention following open aortic valvotomy for critical aortic stenosis in neonates and young infants. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:1758-63.
46. Minich LL, Tani LY, Pantalos GM, Bolland BL, Knorr BK, Hawkins JA. Neonatal model of intra-aortic balloon pumping: Improved efficacy using echocardiographic timing. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66; 1527-32.
47. Minich LL, Tani LY, Pagotto LT, Hawkins JA, Shaddy RE. Size of ventricular structures and surgical outcome in Down versus non-Down infants with atrioventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol, 1998; 81:1062-1065.
48. Hawkins JA. Invited Commentary. Growth subclavian artery and anastomosis in Blalock-Taussig shunt., Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:1750.
49. Tani LY, Minich LL, Pagotto LT, Shaddy RE, McGough EC, Hawkins JA. Left heart hypoplasia and neonatal aortic arch obstruction. Is the Rhodes left ventricular adequacy score applicable? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118:81-6.
50. Pantalos GM, Minich LL, Tani LY, McGough EC, Hawkins JA. Estimation of timing errors for intraaortic balloon pump use in pediatric patients. ASAIO Journal 1999; 45:166-171.
51. Price MB, Jones A, Hawkins JA, McGough EC, Lambert L, Dean JM. Critical pathways for the postoperative care of simple pediatric heart patients. Am J Man Care 1999;5:185-192.
52. Breinholt JP, Tani LY, Minich LL, Hawkins JA, Orsmond GS, Shaddy RE. Pulmonary vein stenosis with anatomic abnormalities and variable outcome. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68:164-8.
53. Tani LY, Minich LL, Hawkins JA, Pagotto LT, Shaddy RE. Influence of left venticular cavity size on interventricular shunt timing and outcome in neonates with coarctation of the aorta and ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol 1999;84: 750-752.
54. Hawkins JA, Breinholt JP, Fuller TC, Lambert LM, McGough EC, Shaddy RE. Class I and class II anti-HLA antibodies after implantation of cryopreserved allograft material in pediatric patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119:324-30.
55. Minich LL, Tani LY, Ritter S, Williams RV, Shaddy RE, Hawkins JA. Usefulness of the preoperative tricuspid/mitral valve ratio for predicting outcome in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:1325-1328.
56. Sharp MK, Pantalos GM, Minich LL, Tani LY, McGough EC, Hawkins JA. Aortic input impedance in infants and children. J Appl Physiol, 2000; 88:2227-2239.
57. Day RW, Hawkins JA, McGough EC, Crezee KL, Orsmond GS. Randomized, controlled study of inhaled nitric oxide after surgery for congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69: 1907-1913.
58. Tani LY, Minich LL, Hawkins JA, McGough EC, Pagotto LT, Orsmond GS, Shaddy RE. The spectrum and influence of left heart hypoplasia in neonatal coarctation of the aorta. Cardiology in the Young 2000; 10:90-97.
59. Breinholt JP, Hawkins JA, Lambert LM, Fuller TC, Profaizer T, Shaddy RE. A prospective analysis of the immunogenicity of cryopreserved non-valved allografts used in pediatric cardiac surgery. Circulation 2000; 102(Suppl III): III-179-III-182.
60. Shaddy RE, Lambert LM, Fuller TC, Profaizer T, Thompson DD, Baker SI, Osborne KA, Hawkins JA. A prospective randomized trial of azathioprine in children receiving cryopreserved valved allografts for repair of congenital heart defects. Annals Thoracic Surgery 2001; 71;43-47.
61. Minich LL, Tani LY, Hawkins JA, Bartkowiak RR, Royall ML, Pantalos GM. In Vitro evaluation of the effect of aortic compliance on pediatric intraaortic balloon pumping. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2001; 2:139-144.
62. Minich LL, Tani LY, Hawkins JA, Orsmond GS, Di Russo GB, Shaddy RE. Intra-aortic balloon pumping in children with dilated cardiomyopathy as a bridge to transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001; 20:750-754.
63. Pinkney KA, Minich LL, Tani LY, Di Russo GB, Veasy LG, McGough EC, Hawkins JA. Current results with intra-aortic balloon pumping in infants and children. Submitted Ann Thorac Surg, 2001.
64. Hawkins JA. Invited Commentary. The fate of small-diameter homografts in the pulmonary position. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:2076.
65. Hawkins JA. Invited Commentary. Cytokine balance in infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73:608-9.
66. Pagotto LT, Hawkins JA, Tani LY, Pollard H, Minich LL. Management of cardiac anomalies associated with velocardiofacial syndrome. Prog Ped Cardiol 2002; 15:135-144.
67. Shaddy RE, Hawkins JA. Immunology and failure of valved allografts in children. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002; 74:1271-5.
68. Hawkins JA, Jones J, Hillman ND, Lambert LM, Di Russo GB, Profaizer T, Fuller T, Shaddy RE. Immunogenicity of decelluarized cryopreserved allografts used in pediatric cardiac surgery: Comparison with standard cryopreserved allografts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2003; 126:247-252.
69. Paul JJ, Tani LY, Williams RV, Lambert LM, Hawkins JA, Minich LL. Relation of the discrete subaortic stenosis position to mitral valve function. Am Heart Jour; 2002; 90:1414-6.
70. Shaddy RE , , Fuller TC, Anderson JB, Lambert LM, Brinkman M, Profaizer T, Hawkins JA. Mycophenolic mofetil reduces the HLA antibody response of children to valved allograft implantation. Ann Thorac Surg , 2004; 77:1734-9.
71. Puchalski MD, Williams RV, Hawkins JA, Minich LL, Tani LY. Follow-up of aortic coarctation repair in neonates J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 44:188-91.
72. Hillman ND, Tani LY, Veasy LG, Lambert LL, Di Russo GB, Doty DB, McGough EC Hawkins JA. Current status of surgery for rheumatic carditis in children. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 78:1403-8.
73. Hawkins JA, Scaife ES, Hillman ND, Feola GP. Current treatment of pediatric empyema. Semin Thorac Cardiovas Surg 2004; 16:196-200.
74. Hooper DK, Hawkins JA, Fuller TC, Profaizer T, Shaddy RE. Panel reactive antibodies late after allograft implantation in children. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 79:641-4.
75. Day RW, Etheridge SP, Veasy LG, Jenson CB, Hillman ND, Di Russo GB, Thorne, JK, Doty DB, McGough EC, Hawkins JA. A comparison in outcome for the bidirectional Glenn and Fontan procedures. Int Jour Cardiol, accepted for publication 2005.
